Subsurface voids pose significant concerns to geotechnical integrity. Accurately mapping these voids is fundamental for ensuring the safety of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole logging, can be time-consuming and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground wave velocity ana
Geotechnical exploration strategies are vital for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These structures can significantly impact the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and landforms. A variety of ground-based exploration methods are employed to detect cavities and voids. These include test pits, geophysical techniques suc
Geophysical exploration employs a crucial role in the identification and characterization of potential mineral orebodies. By employing various physical methods, geologists can penetrate beneath the Earth's surface to identify subsurface structures and signatures indicative of mineral richness. These geophysical techniques often involve the measure